Things to do in Baden-Baden, Germany

You may never have heard of the German thermal towns I’ve written about so far – Bad Ems, Wiesbaden and Homburg – but you’ve probably heard of Baden-Baden. What struck us most, particularly in Bad Ems and Baden-Baden, was how they manage to retain the elegant, rarified atmosphere of the old-style thermal spa towns.

A tilted shot along the arcade of the Trinkhalle in Baden-Baden. The pillars are set along the front in a row, holding up arches along the roof. This angle (below and to the side) allows a view of the back of the arcade, which is lined with large paintings. — *The elegant colonnade of the Trinkhalle in Baden-Baden.*

There are lots of things to do in Baden-Baden, a town that is particularly impressive in terms of culture. Its population is small – only about 50,000 residents – yet it boasts five museums, including an excellent modern art museum; a grand theater; two thermal spas; and even its own philharmonic orchestra. In other words, the old thermal spa town tradition of the 19th century that catered to nobles and royalty and just plain wealthy visitors continues to this day.

Disclosure: Our visit to Baden-Baden was organized by Baden-Baden Tourism Board, which also provided us with a guided tour, arranged for the museums, spa, and casino to offer us free or discounted admission, and treated us to dinner at the Kurhaus. Heliopark Bad Hotel zum Hirsch sponsored our stay. They have no influence over what I write about my visit.

Another disclosure: This article contains affiliate links. If you click on one and make a purchase, I will receive a small commission. This will not affect your price.

Why is it called Baden-Baden?

The word baden is, apparently, an old plural form of the word bad, which means “bath.” However, there were other baden in the area. Since this town was within the territory of the Margraviate of Baden, it became known as Baden-Baden simply as a way to distinguish it from other ones like Baden-Durlach and Baden-Württemberg.

So what is there to do in Baden-Baden? You can tour the Roman baths, soak in a spa, pretend it’s the 19th century (stroll the Trinkhalle, eat and gamble in the Kurhaus, see and be seen along Lichtentaler Allee and the Kurpark), visit museums, stay in a spa hotel, take the waters, explore Hohenbaden Castle, and ride up a mountain to see the view. Read on for more info!

Tour the Roman baths

It’s not just about the 19th-century period of “taking the waters,” though. All of the spa towns we visited referenced their Roman history, but Baden-Baden has the most visible (and visit-able) remains of a Roman bath. This area was where the Roman Empire at its peak edged an area ruled by Germanic tribes.

The 19th-century Friedrichsbad was built, unfortunately, literally right on top of the original Roman bath. On the other hand, some of the ruin has been preserved as a museum.

Small square piles of bricks form pillars set close together. They hold up a section of what was once floor, also made of bricks, but on one section the original floor tiles - terra cotta, probably - are still there on top of the brick floor. — *The under-floor columns are illuminated, allowing visitors to see the structure clearly.*

To me, the ruins of the Roman bath didn’t look like much at first, but with the help of an audio guide and effective signage, it became clearer what I was seeing. The descriptions helped me visualize what the ruins once looked like, though what I could see was often the parts that the Roman bathers probably never saw: things like the small columns of bricks that held up the floor. The hot steam flowed through this space under the floor to heat the room above.

It is unusual in Roman bath ruins like the ones I saw in Ankara, for example, to see intact hollow bricks. This ruin in Baden-Baden has quite a few, making it much clearer how the rooms could stay so warm, even in cold weather.

A close-up of a section of the wall: vertical bricks mortared together in rows. In the lowest of the rows visible, an additional layer of bricks - this time hollow, shaped like vertical tubes but with square corners. Some have some remains of a plaster layer obscuring them. At the lower right corner some of the original clay floor tiles are visible. — *Hollow bricks between the bricks of the wall and the plaster that covered it allowed the heated air to heat the walls themselves.*

Roman bath ruins: Enter from the pedestrian tunnel under Friedrichsbad. Open daily 11:00-12:00 and 15:00-16:00. Admission: Adults €2.50, children up to 14 €1. Website.

Soak in a spa

Friedrichsbad

There are two spas in Baden-Baden. The Friedrichsbad is the one that is most evocative of the town’s 19th-century heyday as a thermal spa destination.

When gambling became illegal starting in 1867, spa towns like Baden-Baden had to find other ways to keep luring their lucrative guests to visit. Gambling was a big part of what drew people to the spa towns – that, along with the opportunity to see and be seen among Europe’s upper classes. “Taking the waters,” whether by drinking the mineral-rich water or bathing in it, was generally secondary to networking. Anyway, building Friedrichsbad was Baden-Baden’s way to keep them coming. Completed in 1877, its neo-Renaissance design undoubtedly appealed to the town’s wealthy visitors.

An ornate entrance: arched entry way on the ground floor and large arched windows on the upper story. More arches above those. A bust, presumably of Kaiser Friedrich, above the central entrance, and more statuary in niches and on the roof. — *Friedrichsbad*

I did not get to see the inside of the Friedrichsbad because it was closed due to the pandemic. Judging from the pictures, its interior design is very Roman-bath-inspired, with marble columns and statuary galore.

Friedrichsbad’s unique selling point is that it combines Roman-style bathing with Irish hot-air baths. Visitors (naked) pass through a circuit with 17 different stations at different temperatures and styles.

Friedrichsbad: Römerplatz 1 in Baden-Baden. Naked, mixed-sex bathing. Open daily 9:00-22:00. Admission €27, plus €12 if you want the soap brush massage. No children under 14. Website.

Caracalla Spa

We did get to enjoy the Caracalla Spa, a modern bath run by the same company as the Friedrichsbad and situated right next door. This one suited me better anyway because visitors wear their swimsuits except in the separate section with the saunas. It has large indoor and outdoor pools, with a wide variety of temperatures, fountains, bubbles and so on.

A modern entrance, rounded, but with a nod to Roman origins with 4 simple pillars holding up a curved beam. The building behind that is square and mostly glass. — *Caracalla Spa*

The name Caracalla, by the way, comes from the name of the Roman emperor in AD 210-ish, about the time when the Romans built the baths here.

Caracalla Spa: Römerplatz 1 in Baden-Baden. Open daily 8:00-22:00. Admission for bathing area only: €15 for 1.5 hours, €16 for 2 hours, and €19 for 3 hours. Admission for bathing and sauna area: €19 for 1.5 hours, €20 for 2 hours, and €23 for 3 hours. Children under 7 are not allowed. Website.

Pretend it’s the 19th-century

Baden-Baden drew all of the most important people of Europe in its day. Queen Victoria vacationed here, for example, as did Kaiser Wilhelm I. Any number of Russian royals came here, as well as noble families from all over Europe. Wealthy industrialists came too, probably hoping to forge connections through business or marriage to the nobility.

The elite who came to Baden-Baden were entertained by top musicians like Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms, Hector Berlioz and Jenny Lind.

Stroll in the Trinkhalle

The 1842 Trinkhalle, which translates as “drink hall” is an elegant building with a long roofed colonnade supported by pillars. This was where the promenading took place when the weather was bad. Visitors met to gossip, make business deals, arrange marriages, flirt, and so on.

The Trinkhalle has an arcade along its front, the roof held up by a neat row of pillars. The central entrance has a triangular pediment with a bas-relief inside it and a small statue on each corner. In front of the entrance is a bust on a pedestal, with formal flower beds at its foot. — *Trinkhalle*

It’s called the Trinkhalle because in Baden-Baden, unlike some of the other spa towns, the emphasis was on drinking the water rather than bathing in it. Visitors could fetch their glasses of water inside the hall and promenade either outside in the colonnade or inside the hall.

Eat and gamble in the Kurhaus

The neo-classical Kurhaus next to the Trinkhalle dates to the 1820s and was originally called the “conversation house,” appropriately. It was built to house the casino as well as a restaurant, a theater and other event spaces and was gradually extended over the course of the next century as tourism numbers increased.

Seen from an angle, the building is long, but mostly only the center portion is visible. It has a square arcade in front of it, held up by a row of 8 pillars. — *The Kurhaus*

The casino today – Germany’s oldest – occupies an extension added in the 1850s. It has an extremely ornate belle-epoque interior that is quite splendid, with carved statues, huge chandeliers and so on. Unfortunately, they don’t allow any photos, but I got this one from the Baden-Baden Tourism Board:

*Baden-Baden casino interior. Photo copyright Baden-Baden Kur & Tourismus GmbH.*

While you’re at the Kurhaus, stop for a meal at the Kurhaus Restaurant, which serves remarkably elegant food. The two long, low buildings in the space between the Kurhaus and the Theater are home to some very high-end little boutiques: on a warm day, the tree-shaded space between them is a pleasant place to enjoy a cool drink or ice cream. Kurhaus website.

Single-storey shops, with a covered walkway along them. The roof is white-painted wood and it is held up by dark iron pillars.

See and be seen along Lichtentaler Allee and the Kurpark

Like any self-respecting thermal town in the 19th century, Baden-Baden offered formal green parkland with tidy paths for strolling when the weather was good. The Kurpark is where you’ll find the Trinkhalle as well as the Kurhaus, where the casino is.

A paved path straight ahead, with trees on either side as well as old-fashioned street lamps. In the distance, people walk on the path or sit on a bench alongside the path. — *Lichtentaler Allee*

Lichtentaler Allee is the best place to get a feel for what it might have been like in the thermal town era. It’s a long strip of parkland that used to be the path to an abbey outside of town. To this day it’s still a great place to take a stroll. Passing the extravagant theater (from 1861), strolling past the colorful flowerbeds and stately trees, you pass museums on one side and elegant hotels on the other side of a small stream.

The theater is a simple rectangular shape: two large storeys with arched windows - 5 on each storey. The facade is very ornate: lots of bas-reliefs around windows and especially along the roof line. Formal flowerbeds on the lawn in front. — *The theater*.

Visit the museums

Several of Baden-Baden’s museums are along Lichtentaler Allee. Starting at the Theater, you’ll pass four:

Kulturhaus LA8

This design museum focuses on the 19th century, complementing the city’s history as a 19th-century spa destination. It explores the 19th-century technological development of things like photography, transportation, industry, archeology and much more.

Kulturhaus LA8: Lichtentaler Allee 8. Open Tuesday-Sunday 11:00-18:00. Admission: Adults €7, children 13-18 €3. Website (in German).

Staatliche Kunsthalle

The neoclassical Staatliche Kunsthalle (State Art Gallery) has no collection of its own, instead hosting visiting exhibitions.

Staatliche Kunsthalle: Lichtentaler Allee 8a. Open Tuesday-Sunday 10:00-18:00. Admission: Adults €7, children €3. Website.

Museum Frieder-Burda

This museum stands out the most in terms of architecture: a modern white and glass structure of simple geometric forms. Its collection is mostly works of modernism, including some late Picassos.

A contemporary buiding, with large flat white walls that seem to float in simple rectangles and squares, and some glass walls visible between the white walls. — *The Museum Frieder-Burda*

Museum Frieder-Burda: Lichtentaler Allee 8B. Open Tuesday-Sunday 10:00-18:00. Admission: Adults €14, children 9 and up €5. Combined ticket with the Staatliche Kunsthalle: €18. Website.

City Museum Baden-Baden

This history museum is further down the Lichtentaler Allee from the art museums. Housed in what was originally a villa, it looks at local history from the Roman period until World War II.

A compact villa in light orange: 3 stories, with small porches across part of the front. — *Stadtmuseum (City Museum) Baden-Baden*

Stadtmuseum Baden-Baden: Lichtentaler Allee 10. Open Tuesday-Sunday 11:00-18:00. Admission: Adult €5, children 7 and up €2. Website.

There are a few other small private museums elsewhere in the city. The most interesting of these, in my view, is the Fabergé Museum. It holds a collection of 700+ Carl Peter Fabergé works, including three of the famous Easter eggs.

Faberge Museum: Sophienstraße 30. Open daily 11:00-18:00. Admission: For the gold exhibit €5, for the Faberge exhibit €20; for both €23. Children 14-18 €8. Children under 14 free. Website.

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Stay in a spa hotel

We stayed in the Heliopark Bad Hotel Zum Hirsch, right in the center of the town. It’s the oldest hotel in Baden-Baden, and even before it became a hotel in 1689 it was a bathhouse, with an outdoor pool and bath tubs going back to the 14th century. Today it is a four-star hotel with art-nouveau décor. We had quite a grand room – complete with chandeliers – overlooking a quiet street.

What’s really special, though, about the Heliopark Bad Hotel, is that the spa water is available in some of the rooms: those advertised as having a “thermal water connection.” These rooms have a bathtub that has two sets of taps: one dispensing standard city water, while the other has thermal water from the local spring. Guests can “take the waters” in the privacy of their hotel rooms!

An ordinary white bathtub, but it has two sets of taps: one modern one in a rod shape that has a twisting knob at each end, and one more old-fashioned one, with a faucet in the middle and two separate taps. — *Heliopark Hotel bathtub with two sets of taps.*

A note about the water

Interestingly, if you come upon one of the old fountains, you’ll notice a sign that warns not to drink the thermal water. You may also see that people are, nevertheless, drinking it. According to our tour guide, people have drunk this water for centuries. Nowadays, though, with more knowledge of the minerals involved in this “healthy” water, the authorities decided that it was unsafe to drink. This had to do with the fact that arsenic is one of those minerals, as are other elements such as strontium, but all in very small quantities.

In a roughly cut cave - that may be a stone-built imitation of a cave - a small half-circular bowl set into the wall, with a simple tap emerging from the wall just above it. Above that, a sign warning not to drink the water. And above that, the name of the fountain carved onto a stone: Fettquelle. — *One of the old thermal fountains.*

As a compromise of sorts, the town, protesting the closure of all of its fountains, negotiated a deal: they’d be allowed to keep a few of the fountains open, but they would post a sign at each instructing people not to drink it. If you stay at the Heliopark and have one of the rooms with thermal water taps, you’ll notice a similar sign warning you against drinking the water. You can see it in the bathtub photo above.

And yes, I did taste it. Like all mineral water, it tasted like rocks to me: hot salty rocks. A sip was more than enough. If it’s something you want to try, go ahead. The amount of dangerous minerals including arsenic is so small that I seriously doubt it would do you any harm, and it tastes terrible anyway.

Things to do in Baden-Baden just outside of town

Explore Hohenbaden Castle

High on a hill overlooking Baden-Baden is a huge castle ruin called Hohenbaden Castle, dating to the 12th century. It was clearly a very large castle once: you can spot the fireplaces on multiple floors of the remaining walls. Visitors can climb to the top of the castle tower and walk on some of the walls too. The views from up there of Baden-Baden and the surrounding Black Forest are magnificent if you visit on a clear day.

*This photo shows just the lower part of the castle, as seen from the upper part.*

Hohenbaden Old Castle: Alter Schlossweg 10, Baden-Baden, north of the city in the direction of Ebersteinburg. Drive there, or walk for about an hour, or rent a bike or scooter to get there. Always open. Admission: free. Website.

Ride the Merkurbergbahn to see the view

The other must-see thing to do in Baden-Baden is the Merkurbergbahn. The longest funicular railway in Germany, it takes visitors to the top of Merkur Mountain, where there’s plenty of walking to do and views to see. The mountain is 668 meters high (2,191 feet), and you can add another 23 meters by taking the elevator up the Merkur Tower at the top.

We ended up stopping at the little café at the upper funicular station and watching a procession of paragliders taking off from the steep field next to the café.

The paraglider's sail is orange and purple. He sits in a sack of sorts, gripping the ropes with is hands above his head. On the hillside below him, the castle is visible. More dimly visible beyond that is an expanse of flat land covered in fields and woods, with a few buildings visible. — *A paraglider at Merkur Mountain with Hohenbaden Castle in the background.*

Merkurbergbahn: Merkuriusberg 2, Baden-Baden. Take the 204 or 205 bus and buy a combination ticket from the driver. Open daily 10:00-22:00. Admission: Round-trip adult €6, children 6-15 €3; one-way adult: €3.50, children €2. Website.

Historic Thermal Towns and UNESCO

Because so much of this famous thermal town is intact, Baden-Baden, like Bad Ems, is part of the European Historic Thermal Towns Association (EHHTA) and is one of the 11 spa towns included in the UNESCO designation called “The Great Spa Towns of Europe.”

I think it’s probably clear from my description that visiting Baden-Baden allows an immersion into thermal spa history, art and architecture that is well worth a visit, preferably a few days, to truly relax and enjoy the waters and stroll the town.

Have you visited Baden-Baden? Do you have any additional recommendations?

Rachel Heller

Rachel Heller is a writer living in Groningen, the Netherlands. She is the owner and primary author of this website, Rachel’s Ruminations, a travel blog focused on independent travel with an emphasis on cultural and historical sites/sights. Read more here about her and about this website. Rachel also owns and operates a website about travel to UNESCO World Heritage sites.

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